Hemorrhoids, commonly referred to as piles, are enlarged and inflamed blood vessels located in the rectum or anus.They can occur internally within the rectum or externally around the anal opening. Here's an overview of hemorrhoids, their causes, symptoms, and potential side effects:
Causes:
Increased pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus: This can occur due to straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation or diarrhea, sitting for prolonged periods, obesity, pregnancy, or heavy lifting.
Weakened connective tissue in the anal area: This can be a result of aging or genetic factors, which makes the blood vessels more prone to swelling and stretching.
Chronic conditions: Certain conditions such as liver disease, chronic cough, or pelvic tumors can contribute to increased pressure in the anal area and the development of hemorrhoids.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of hemorrhoids can vary depending on their location (internal or external) and the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include:
Rectal bleeding: Bright red blood on the toilet paper, in the toilet bowl, or on the surface of stools.
Itchiness or irritation in the anal area can be experienced.Pain or discomfort during bowel movements.
Swelling or a lump around the anus (external hemorrhoids).
Prolapse of internal hemorrhoids, where they protrude outside the anus and may require manual repositioning.
Mucus discharge after bowel movements.
A feeling of incomplete evacuation after passing stool.
Side Effects:
Thrombosis: External hemorrhoids can develop a blood clot within them, causing intense pain and swelling. This condition is known as thrombosed hemorrhoids.
Anemia: If hemorrhoids cause recurrent bleeding, it can lead to anemia, a condition characterized by a low red blood cell count. Anemia may result in fatigue, weakness, and other symptoms.
Strangulation: In some cases, internal hemorrhoids may become prolapsed and get trapped outside the anus. This can lead to strangulation, where the blood supply to the prolapsed hemorrhoid is cut off. Strangulated hemorrhoids require immediate medical attention.
Skin tags: After the healing of hemorrhoids, excess skin may be left behind, leading to the formation of small, harmless skin tags around the anus.
Psychological impact: Hemorrhoids can cause discomfort, pain, and embarrassment, which can affect a person's quality of life and psychological well-being.
Treatment for hemorrhoids depends on the severity of symptoms and can range from lifestyle changes, such as increasing fiber intake and practicing good bathroom habits, to medical interventions, such as topical creams, suppositories, minimally invasive procedures, or surgery. If you experience persistent or severe symptoms of hemorrhoids, it's important to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.
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